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2021 3

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2019 4

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微地震监测 4

裂缝 4

压裂 3

低渗透 2

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FRP 聚合物 1

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低刚度 1

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分级转化；梯级利用；节能减排；煤炭 1

压裂施工 1

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A Review on Shale Gas Development in Fuling

Zhi-gang Wang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 76-81 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015011

摘要： The Fuling Marine Shale Deposit contains vast gas resources. Due to tectonic activities, complex surface and geological conditions, significant differences make it unlike that of North America. Thus, it is not suitable to completely copy the technology and the development model from North America. Therefore we need engineering technology and a business development model fit for Fuling Shale Gas Development (FSGD). Through difficulties and characteristics analysis of the shale gas development area, we determined geological engineering design methods and integrated workflow, established a series of the core technologies, including horizontal well drilling with long laterals, staged fracturing and completion technology, developed main fluids, tools and equipment, put forward “well factory” mode in mountain region and “full cycle learning and system optimization” management methods. Break through was made in China’s first large-scale shale gas fields commercial development. By the end of 2014, production capacity reached 25 × 10 m /a, and cumulative gas production reached 12.24 × 10 m , which made a solid foundation to build production capacity of 50 × 10 m /a in 2015 and 100 × 10 m /a in 2017. Not only has FSGD established a demonstration for the other shale gas fields’ development, but also will be taken as reference to other large and extra-large construction projects of the industry.

关键词： Fuling shale gas drilling and completion staged fracturing learning curve capacity building commercial development

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NO_x and H₂S formation in the reductive zone of air-staged combustion of

Jinzhi CAI, Dan LI, Denggao CHEN, Zhenshan LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0804-y

摘要： Low NO combustion of blended coals is widely used in coal-fired boilers in China to control NO emission; thus, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of NO and H S during the combustion of blended coals. This paper focused on the investigation of reductive gases in the formation of NO and H S in the reductive zone of blended coals during combustion. Experiments with Zhundong (ZD) and Commercial (GE) coal and their blends with different mixing ratios were conducted in a drop tube furnace at 1200°C–1400°C with an excessive air ratio of 0.6–1.2. The coal conversion and formation characteristics of CO, H S, and NO in the fuel-rich zone were carefully studied under different experimental conditions for different blend ratios. Blending ZD into GE was found to increase not only the coal conversion but also the concentrations of CO and H S as NO reduction accelerated. Both the CO and H S concentrations inblended coal combustion increase with an increase in the combustion temperature and a decrease in the excessive air ratio. Based on accumulated experimental data, one interesting finding was that NO and H S from blended coal combustion were almost directly dependent on the CO concentration, and the CO concentration of the blended coal combustion depended on the single char gasification conversion.Thus, CO, NO , and H S formation characteristics from blended coal combustion can be well predicted by single char gasification kinetics.

关键词： blended coal combustion NO_xformation H₂S formation air staged combustion

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling hydraulic fracturing test fracturing pressure fracture dip unconfined compressive strength slurry viscosity

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基于煤炭分级转化的发电技术前景

岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱,方梦祥,王勤辉,王智化,岑建孟

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第9期页码 118-122

摘要：

面对我国一次能源以煤为主、能源需求日益增长以及大气环境持续恶化的现实，构建资源、能源、环境一体化的可持续发展能源系统是我国能源的战略方向。本文介绍了基于“煤炭既是能源又是资源”的理念提出的煤炭转化利用新技术——煤炭分级转化发电技术的路线和特点。从节能减排等方面对该技术的发展前景进行了展望，指出煤炭分级转化的发电技术可提高煤炭发电的综合效益，改变煤炭单一用于发电的产业结构，可形成基于煤炭资源化利用发电的新产业链并缓解我国油气等资源的紧缺状况，对于改变和优化国家煤电产业结构、循环经济和节能减排具有重要意义。

关键词：分级转化；梯级利用；节能减排；煤炭

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure layered cavity expansion theory triaxial fracturing test cohesive soil

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低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 65-69

摘要：

针对高压低渗透油藏渗透率低、孔隙度小的特点，在压裂改造时进行裂缝监测，根据监测出的裂缝方位（方向）、裂缝长度、裂缝的高度（范围）和产状以及地下主应力的方向，为下步布井和井网调整提供了依据。2008年以来，现河地区已成功实施裂缝监测79井次，为低渗透油藏的高效开发提供了有力支持。

关键词：裂缝监测低渗透压裂

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山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 16-19

摘要：

介绍了在山西沁水盆地煤层气压裂时监测到的压裂施工的横向效应，监测使用微地震方法。发现沿人工裂缝法向方向的邻井在施工时出现气量减少、枯竭、出水等反应，沿人工裂缝走向方向的邻井反应滞后。这一发现使笔者注意到煤层气压裂施工的横向挤压作用可能即时影响邻井产量，压裂设计时应该注意到这一反应的不良影响。

关键词：煤层气裂缝水力压裂

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam path dependence creep calibration cracking hydraulic fracturing hazard

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祼孔长水平井苏75-70-6H连续压裂微地震监测

王万迅,叶连池,王立治,段正中

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 4-7

摘要：

苏75-70-6H井是依靠国产技术完成的规模最大的裸孔水平井压裂井，水平段南北走向。微地震监测给出了每段压裂裂缝是否形成及形成位置、形态，指导压裂施工继续进行；监测出压裂液漏泄段，预警出现砂堵的可能；保证了压裂施工的成功，证明了国产井下工具完全可以实现多段压裂改造。监测结果准确反映指导了压裂施工过程。

关键词：压裂微地震监测裂缝

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水平井压裂裂缝监测与分析

刘建中,张传绪,赵艳波,蒋玉双,宋健兴

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 60-64

摘要：

水平井可以在不太厚的油层中增大钻井过油层范围，实现高速注、采，提高产量。有些水平井需要压裂，因此常常需要了解并控制人工裂缝形态、方位。通过微地震人工裂缝监测，研究已有的水平井压裂结果，特别是钻井水平段大体沿最大水平主应力方向的水平井压裂，了解压裂裂缝形成的机制及控制方式。通过比较，进一步提高水平井钻井水平及控缝理论。

关键词：水平井压裂裂缝微地震监测

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第三沉降带应力场研究

闫治涛,刘建中,邱金平, 金丽华

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 33-35

摘要：

介绍了第三沉降带的分布，监测得出的大量人工裂缝方向数据及由人工裂缝方向数据统计得出的最大水平主应力方向。结果表明，第三沉降带由北向南绵延１５００ km，最大水平主应力方向大体稳定，分布在５５°～７５° NE范围，多为６５° NE。由监测结果可以判断，第三沉降带的构造应力方向是南亚板块及菲律宾板块共同作用的结果。

关键词：微地震法人工裂缝监测第三沉降带最大水平主应力方向压裂施工

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定向射孔多缝压裂工艺案例分析

唐梅荣

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 105-112

摘要：

一种新型的压裂工艺在中国长庆油田试验成功，该工艺在层内压裂形成了2条独立裂缝，大幅增加了裂缝与油藏的接触面积，提高了产量。长庆油田开发的超低渗透油藏岩芯分析渗透率一般在0.5 mD以下，且受到储层条件、注采井网、压裂工艺等多重限制，常规压裂工艺改造难以实现该类油藏的有效开发。历经多年研究并结合自身实际，长庆油田于2006年提出了体积压裂的理念，通过在油层内造多缝扩大油藏的泄流体积以提高单井产量。室内物模试验研究射孔对压裂影响时观察到，当射孔方向与最大水平主应力方位存在夹角的情况下裂缝发生转向，即裂缝均先沿

关键词：定向射孔裂缝转向多缝压裂泄流体积增产

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低渗油藏裸眼水平井压裂技术及应用

潘毓兵

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 70-73

摘要：

针对大庆外围朝长地区未动用储量属于低渗透扶余油层，采用常规直井开发，单井产能低、开发效益差，为进一步提高低渗透扶余油层开发效果，通过水平井近平衡钻井、裸眼完井，减少了钻井及固井对储层污染，采用打孔管结合油膨胀封隔器工艺进行压裂改造，探索低产低渗透储层有效的开发途径。试油及投产效果表明，低渗透油藏采用近平衡钻井、裸眼完井能有效地保护储层，实施裸眼水平井储层压裂改造能够提高单井日产油，对进一步改善低渗透油藏开发效果有重要意义。

关键词：低渗透水平井裸眼完井压裂

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页岩储层网络压裂技术研究与试验

贾长贵,,李双明,王海涛,蒋廷学

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 106-112

摘要：

页岩储层压裂技术是页岩油气高效勘探开发的关键技术和核心技术。与常规低渗油气储层压裂单一长缝改善压裂效果不同，低孔极低渗的页岩压裂主要目标是形成具有有效导流能力的网络裂缝，确保压裂改造体积足够大，且经济有效。提出了页岩网络压裂有效改造体积（ESRV）的概念。在借鉴北美页岩气压裂的经验和前期国内页岩气压裂实践的基础上，针对我国页岩储层的具体特点，在压前进行评价方法、射孔参数优化、诱导复合测试压裂、网络压裂对策和排采技术等方面进行了探索性的研究，初步形成了页岩网络压裂技术，现场试验效果明显，解决了裂缝性脆性页岩压裂易砂堵、成功率低的难题。

关键词：页岩储层网络压裂

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing